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| author | Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com> | 2010-01-13 21:47:12 (GMT) |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com> | 2010-01-13 21:47:12 (GMT) |
| commit | 9272ee25dfe1390d3648abda7156ffc77ecb67e2 (patch) | |
| tree | 97a37665a755ffc07d04fd2398e618fb442a34bb | |
| parent | a31e6dc569e70355f7ecdc18ae85b87da23ae1d4 (diff) | |
| download | busybox-website-9272ee25dfe1390d3648abda7156ffc77ecb67e2.tar.gz busybox-website-9272ee25dfe1390d3648abda7156ffc77ecb67e2.tar.bz2 | |
add generated BusyBox.html from freshly built git
Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
| -rw-r--r-- | BusyBox.html | 5951 |
1 files changed, 5951 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/BusyBox.html b/BusyBox.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6074fa3 --- /dev/null +++ b/BusyBox.html @@ -0,0 +1,5951 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<title>BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux</title> +<link rev="made" href="mailto:root@quasar.local.net" /> +</head> + +<body style="background-color: white"> + +<p><a name="__index__"></a></p> +<!-- INDEX BEGIN --> +<!-- + +<ul> + + <li><a href="#name">NAME</a></li> + <li><a href="#syntax">SYNTAX</a></li> + <li><a href="#description">DESCRIPTION</a></li> + <li><a href="#usage">USAGE</a></li> + <li><a href="#common_options">COMMON OPTIONS</a></li> + <li><a href="#commands">COMMANDS</a></li> + <li><a href="#command_descriptions">COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS</a></li> + <li><a href="#libc_nss">LIBC NSS</a></li> + <li><a href="#maintainer">MAINTAINER</a></li> + <li><a href="#authors">AUTHORS</a></li> +</ul> +--> +<!-- INDEX END --> + +<p> +</p> +<h1><a name="name">NAME</a></h1> +<p>BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux</p> +<p> +</p> +<hr /> +<h1><a name="syntax">SYNTAX</a></h1> +<pre> + busybox <applet> [arguments...] # or</pre> +<pre> + <applet> [arguments...] # if symlinked</pre> +<p> +</p> +<hr /> +<h1><a name="description">DESCRIPTION</a></h1> +<p>BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single +small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities +you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc. The utilities in BusyBox +generally have fewer options than their full-featured GNU cousins; however, the +options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very +much like their GNU counterparts.</p> +<p>BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind. +It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or +features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded +systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel. +BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment for any small or embedded +system.</p> +<p>BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the +components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or 'make +menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable. Then run +'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration.</p> +<p>After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to install +BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the target directory +specified by CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX can be set when configuring BusyBox, +or you can specify an alternative location at install time (i.e., with a +command line like 'make CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled +any applet installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will +also be installed in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX.</p> +<p> +</p> +<hr /> +<h1><a name="usage">USAGE</a></h1> +<p>BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable program +that performs the same job as more than one utility program. That means there +is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary acts like a large +number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller since all the built-in +utility programs (we call them applets) can share code for many common +operations.</p> +<p>You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the +command line. For example, entering</p> +<pre> + /bin/busybox ls</pre> +<p>will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.</p> +<p>Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful. So most +people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary.</p> +<p>For example, entering</p> +<pre> + ln -s /bin/busybox ls + ./ls</pre> +<p>will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled +into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to make all these +links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this for you when you run +the 'make install' command.</p> +<p>If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list of the +applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary.</p> +<p> +</p> +<hr /> +<h1><a name="common_options">COMMON OPTIONS</a></h1> +<p>Most BusyBox applets support the <strong>--help</strong> argument to provide a terse runtime +description of their behavior. If the CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE option has +been enabled, more detailed usage information will also be available.</p> +<p> +</p> +<hr /> +<h1><a name="commands">COMMANDS</a></h1> +<p>Currently available applets include:</p> +<pre> + [, [[, acpid, addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, ar, arp, arping, ash, + awk, basename, beep, blkid, brctl, bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2, cal, cat, + catv, chat, chattr, chgrp, chmod, chown, chpasswd, chpst, chroot, + chrt, chvt, cksum, clear, cmp, comm, cp, cpio, crond, crontab, + cryptpw, cttyhack, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, + depmod, devmem, df, dhcprelay, diff, dirname, dmesg, dnsd, + dnsdomainname, dos2unix, dpkg, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, echo, ed, + egrep, eject, env, envdir, envuidgid, expand, expr, fakeidentd, + false, fbset, fbsplash, fdflush, fdformat, fdisk, fgrep, find, + findfs, flash_eraseall, flash_lock, flash_unlock, flashcp, fold, + free, freeramdisk, fsck, fsck.minix, fsync, ftpd, ftpget, ftpput, + fuser, getopt, getty, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, hd, hdparm, head, + hexdump, hostid, hostname, httpd, hush, hwclock, id, ifconfig, + ifenslave, ifplugd, inetd, init, inotifyd, insmod, install, ionice, + ip, ipaddr, ipcalc, ipcrm, ipcs, iplink, iproute, iprule, iptunnel, + kbd_mode, kill, killall, killall5, klogd, last, length, less, + linux32, linux64, linuxrc, ln, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, login, + logname, logread, losetup, lpd, lpq, lpr, ls, lsattr, lsmod, lspci, + lsusb, lzmacat, lzop, lzopcat, makedevs, makemime, man, md5sum, + mdev, mesg, microcom, mkdir, mkdosfs, mke2fs, mkfifo, mkfs.ext2, + mkfs.minix, mkfs.reiser, mkfs.vfat, mknod, mkpasswd, mkswap, mktemp, + modprobe, more, mount, mountpoint, mt, mv, nameif, nc, netstat, + nice, nmeter, nohup, ntpd, od, openvt, passwd, patch, pgrep, pidof, + ping, ping6, pipe_progress, pivot_root, pkill, popmaildir, poweroff, + printenv, printf, ps, pscan, pwd, raidautorun, rdate, rdev, + readlink, readprofile, realpath, reboot, reformime, renice, reset, + resize, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpm, rpm2cpio, rtcwake, run-parts, + runlevel, runsv, runsvdir, rx, script, scriptreplay, sed, sendmail, + seq, setarch, setconsole, setfont, setkeycodes, setlogcons, setsid, + setuidgid, sh, sha1sum, sha256sum, sha512sum, showkey, slattach, + sleep, softlimit, sort, split, start-stop-daemon, stat, strings, + stty, su, sulogin, sum, sv, svlogd, swapoff, swapon, switch_root, + sync, sysctl, syslogd, tac, tail, tar, taskset, tcpsvd, tee, telnet, + telnetd, test, tftp, tftpd, time, timeout, top, touch, tr, + traceroute, traceroute6, true, tty, ttysize, tunctl, tune2fs, + udhcpc, udhcpd, udpsvd, umount, uname, uncompress, unexpand, uniq, + unix2dos, unlzma, unlzop, unzip, uptime, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, + vconfig, vi, vlock, volname, wall, watch, watchdog, wc, wget, which, + who, whoami, xargs, yes, zcat, zcip</pre> +<p> +</p> +<hr /> +<h1><a name="command_descriptions">COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS</a></h1> +<dl> +<dt><strong><a name="item_acpid"><strong>acpid</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +acpid [-d] [-c CONFDIR] [-l LOGFILE] [-e PROC_EVENT_FILE] [EVDEV_EVENT_FILE...] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Listen to ACPI events and spawn specific helpers on event arrival</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -d Don't daemonize, log to stderr + -c DIR Config directory [/etc/acpi] + -e FILE /proc event file [/proc/acpi/event] + -l FILE Log file [/var/log/acpid]</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Accept and ignore compatibility options -g -m -s -S -v</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_addgroup"><strong>addgroup</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +addgroup [-g GID] [user_name] group_name +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Add a group or add a user to a group</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -g GID Group id + -S Create a system group</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_adduser"><strong>adduser</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +adduser [OPTIONS] user_name +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Add a user</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -h DIR Home directory + -g GECOS GECOS field + -s SHELL Login shell + -G GRP Add user to existing group + -S Create a system user + -D Don't assign a password + -H Don't create home directory + -u UID User id</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_adjtimex"><strong>adjtimex</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +adjtimex [-q] [-o offset] [-f frequency] [-p timeconstant] [-t tick] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Read and optionally set system timebase parameters. See adjtimex(2).</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -q Quiet + -o offset Time offset, microseconds + -f frequency Frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm) + (positive values make clock run faster) + -t tick Microseconds per tick, usually 10000 + -p timeconstant</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ar"><strong>ar</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +ar [-o] [-v] [-p] [-t] [-x] ARCHIVE FILES +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Extract or list FILES from an ar archive</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -o Preserve original dates + -p Extract to stdout + -t List + -x Extract + -v Verbose</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_arp"><strong>arp</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td>arp +<tr><td>[-vn]<td>[-H type] [-i if] -a [hostname] +<tr><td>[-v]<td> [-i if] -d hostname [pub] +<tr><td>[-v]<td>[-H type] [-i if] -s hostname hw_addr [temp] +<tr><td>[-v]<td>[-H type] [-i if] -s hostname hw_addr [netmask nm] pub +<tr><td>[-v]<td>[-H type] [-i if] -Ds hostname ifa [netmask nm] pub</table> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Manipulate ARP cache</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a Display (all) hosts + -s Set new ARP entry + -d Delete a specified entry + -v Verbose + -n Don't resolve names + -i IF Network interface + -D Read <hwaddr> from given device + -A, -p AF Protocol family + -H HWTYPE Hardware address type</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_arping"><strong>arping</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +arping [-fqbDUA] [-c count] [-w timeout] [-I dev] [-s sender] target +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Send ARP requests/replies</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -f Quit on first ARP reply + -q Quiet + -b Keep broadcasting, don't go unicast + -D Duplicated address detection mode + -U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors + -A ARP answer mode, update your neighbors + -c N Stop after sending N ARP requests + -w timeout Time to wait for ARP reply, in seconds + -I dev Interface to use (default eth0) + -s sender Sender IP address + target Target IP address</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_awk"><strong>awk</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +awk [OPTIONS] [AWK_PROGRAM] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -v VAR=VAL Set variable + -F SEP Use SEP as field separator + -f FILE Read program from FILE</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_basename"><strong>basename</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +basename FILE [SUFFIX] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Strip directory path and .SUFFIX from FILE</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_beep"><strong>beep</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +beep -f FREQ -l LEN -d DELAY -r COUNT -n +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -f Frequency in Hz + -l Length in ms + -d Delay in ms + -r Repetitions + -n Start new tone</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_blkid"><strong>blkid</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +blkid +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print UUIDs of all filesystems</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_brctl"><strong>brctl</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +brctl COMMAND [BRIDGE [INTERFACE]] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Manage ethernet bridges</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Commands:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + show Show a list of bridges + addbr BRIDGE Create BRIDGE + delbr BRIDGE Delete BRIDGE + addif BRIDGE IFACE Add IFACE to BRIDGE + delif BRIDGE IFACE Delete IFACE from BRIDGE + setageing BRIDGE TIME Set ageing time + setfd BRIDGE TIME Set bridge forward delay + sethello BRIDGE TIME Set hello time + setmaxage BRIDGE TIME Set max message age + setpathcost BRIDGE COST Set path cost + setportprio BRIDGE PRIO Set port priority + setbridgeprio BRIDGE PRIO Set bridge priority + stp BRIDGE [1|0] STP on/off</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_bunzip2"><strong>bunzip2</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +bunzip2 [OPTIONS] [FILE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Uncompress FILE (or standard input)</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Write to standard output + -f Force</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_bzcat"><strong>bzcat</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +bzcat FILE +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Uncompress to stdout</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_bzip2"><strong>bzip2</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +bzip2 [OPTIONS] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Compress FILEs (or standard input) with bzip2 algorithm.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Write to standard output + -d Decompress + -f Force + -1..-9 Compression level</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_cal"><strong>cal</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +cal [-jy] [[month] year] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Display a calendar</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -j Use julian dates + -y Display the entire year</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_cat"><strong>cat</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +cat [-u] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Concatenate FILEs and print them to stdout</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -u Use unbuffered i/o (ignored)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_catv"><strong>catv</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +catv [-etv] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Display nonprinting characters as ^x or M-x</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -e End each line with $ + -t Show tabs as ^I + -v Don't use ^x or M-x escapes</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_chat"><strong>chat</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +chat EXPECT [SEND [EXPECT [SEND...]]] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Useful for interacting with a modem connected to stdin/stdout. +A script consists of one or more ``expect-send'' pairs of strings, +each pair is a pair of arguments. Example: +chat '' ATZ OK ATD123456 CONNECT '' ogin: pppuser word: ppppass '~'</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_chattr"><strong>chattr</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +chattr [-R] [-+=AacDdijsStTu] [-v VERSION] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Change file attributes on an ext2 fs</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Modifiers:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + - Remove attributes + + Add attributes + = Set attributes +Attributes:</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + A Don't track atime + a Append mode only + c Enable compress + D Write dir contents synchronously + d Don't backup with dump + i Cannot be modified (immutable) + j Write all data to journal first + s Zero disk storage when deleted + S Write file contents synchronously + t Disable tail-merging of partial blocks with other files + u Allow file to be undeleted +Options:</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -R Recursively list subdirectories + -v Set the file's version/generation number</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_chgrp"><strong>chgrp</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +chgrp [-RhLHPcvf]... GROUP FILE... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -R Recurse + -h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets + -L Traverse all symlinks to directories + -H Traverse symlinks on command line only + -P Don't traverse symlinks (default) + -c List changed files + -v Verbose + -f Hide errors</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_chmod"><strong>chmod</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +chmod [-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... FILE... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the +symbols +-= and one or more of the letters rwxst</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -R Recurse + -c List changed files + -v List all files + -f Hide errors</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_chown"><strong>chown</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +chown [-RhLHPcvf]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP]] FILE... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -R Recurse + -h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets + -L Traverse all symlinks to directories + -H Traverse symlinks on command line only + -P Don't traverse symlinks (default) + -c List changed files + -v List all files + -f Hide errors</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_chpasswd"><strong>chpasswd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +chpasswd [--md5|--encrypted] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Read user:password from stdin and update /etc/passwd</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -e,--encrypted Supplied passwords are in encrypted form + -m,--md5 Use MD5 encryption instead of DES</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_chpst"><strong>chpst</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td>chpst [-vP012] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-U USER[:GRP]] [-e DIR] +<tr><td><td>[-/ DIR] [-n NICE] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-o N] +<tr><td><td>[-p N] [-f BYTES] [-c BYTES] PROG ARGS</table> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Change the process state and run PROG</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -u USER[:GRP] Set uid and gid + -U USER[:GRP] Set $UID and $GID in environment + -e DIR Set environment variables as specified by files + in DIR: file=1st_line_of_file + -/ DIR Chroot to DIR + -n NICE Add NICE to nice value + -m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES + -d BYTES Limit data segment + -o N Limit number of open files per process + -p N Limit number of processes per uid + -f BYTES Limit output file sizes + -c BYTES Limit core file size + -v Verbose + -P Create new process group + -0 Close standard input + -1 Close standard output + -2 Close standard error</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_chroot"><strong>chroot</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +chroot NEWROOT [PROG [ARGS]] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_chrt"><strong>chrt</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +chrt [OPTIONS] [PRIO] [PID | PROG [ARGS]] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Manipulate real-time attributes of a process</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -p Operate on pid + -r Set scheduling policy to SCHED_RR + -f Set scheduling policy to SCHED_FIFO + -o Set scheduling policy to SCHED_OTHER + -m Show min and max priorities</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_chvt"><strong>chvt</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +chvt N +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_cksum"><strong>cksum</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +cksum FILES... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Calculate the CRC32 checksums of FILES</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_clear"><strong>clear</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +clear +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Clear screen</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_cmp"><strong>cmp</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +cmp [-l] [-s] FILE1 [FILE2 [SKIP1 [SKIP2]]] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Compares FILE1 vs stdin if FILE2 is not specified</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -l Write the byte numbers (decimal) and values (octal) + for all differing bytes + -s Quiet</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_comm"><strong>comm</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +comm [-123] FILE1 FILE2 +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Compare FILE1 to FILE2, or to stdin if - is specified</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -1 Suppress lines unique to FILE1 + -2 Suppress lines unique to FILE2 + -3 Suppress lines common to both files</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_cp"><strong>cp</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +cp [OPTIONS] SOURCE DEST +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple <code>SOURCE(s)</code> to DIRECTORY</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a Same as -dpR + -d,-P Preserve links + -H,-L Dereference all symlinks (default) + -p Preserve file attributes if possible + -f Force overwrite + -i Prompt before overwrite + -R,-r Recurse + -l,-s Create (sym)links</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_cpio"><strong>cpio</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +cpio [-dmvu] [-F FILE] [-H newc] [-tio] [-p DIR] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Extract or list files from a cpio archive, or +create an archive (-o) or copy files (-p) using file list on standard input</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Main operation mode:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -t List + -i Extract + -o Create (requires -H newc) + -p DIR Copy files to DIR +Options:</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -d Make leading directories + -m Preserve mtime + -v Verbose + -u Overwrite + -F FILE Input (-t,-i,-p) or output (-o) file + -H newc Archive format</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_crond"><strong>crond</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +crond -fbS -l N -d N -L LOGFILE -c DIR +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -f Foreground + -b Background (default) + -S Log to syslog (default) + -l Set log level. 0 is the most verbose, default 8 + -d Set log level, log to stderr + -L Log to file + -c Working dir</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_crontab"><strong>crontab</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +crontab [-c DIR] [-u USER] [-ler]|[FILE] +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Crontab directory + -u User + -l List crontab + -e Edit crontab + -r Delete crontab + FILE Replace crontab by FILE ('-': stdin)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_cryptpw"><strong>cryptpw</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +cryptpw [OPTIONS] [PASSWORD] [SALT] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Crypt the PASSWORD using <code>crypt(3)</code></p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -P,--password-fd=N Read password from fd N + -m,--method=TYPE Encryption method TYPE + -S,--salt=SALT</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_cut"><strong>cut</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +cut [OPTIONS] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print selected fields from each input FILE to standard output</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -b LIST Output only bytes from LIST + -c LIST Output only characters from LIST + -d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter + -s Output only the lines containing delimiter + -f N Print only these fields + -n Ignored</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_date"><strong>date</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +date [OPTIONS] [+FMT] [TIME] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Display time (using +FMT), or set time</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + [-s,--set] TIME Set time to TIME + -u,--utc Work in UTC (don't convert to local time) + -R,--rfc-2822 Output RFC-2822 compliant date string + -I[SPEC] Output ISO-8601 compliant date string + SPEC='date' (default) for date only, + 'hours', 'minutes', or 'seconds' for date and + time to the indicated precision + -r,--reference FILE Display last modification time of FILE + -d,--date TIME Display TIME, not 'now' + -D FMT Use FMT for -d TIME conversion</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Recognized TIME formats:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + hh:mm[:ss] + [YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss] + YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss] + [[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss]</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_dc"><strong>dc</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +dc expression... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Tiny RPN calculator. Operations: ++, add, -, sub, *, mul, /, div, %, mod, **, exp, and, or, not, eor, +p - print top of the stack (without altering the stack), +f - print entire stack, o - pop the value and set output radix +(value must be 10 or 16). +Examples: 'dc 2 2 add' -> 4, 'dc 8 8 * 2 2 + /' -> 16.</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_dd"><strong>dd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td>dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N] [obs=N] [bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] +<tr><td><td>[seek=N] [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync]</table> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Copy a file with converting and formatting</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin + of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout + bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time + ibs=N Read N bytes at a time + obs=N Write N bytes at a time + count=N Copy only N input blocks + skip=N Skip N input blocks + seek=N Skip N output blocks + conv=notrunc Don't truncate output file + conv=noerror Continue after read errors + conv=sync Pad blocks with zeros + conv=fsync Physically write data out before finishing</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k (x1024), +MD (x1000000), M (x1048576), GD (x1000000000) or G (x1073741824)</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_deallocvt"><strong>deallocvt</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +deallocvt [N] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_delgroup"><strong>delgroup</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +delgroup [USER] GROUP +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Delete group GROUP from the system or user USER from group GROUP</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_deluser"><strong>deluser</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +deluser USER +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Delete USER from the system</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_devmem"><strong>devmem</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +devmem ADDRESS [WIDTH [VALUE]] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Read/write from physical address</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + ADDRESS Address to act upon + WIDTH Width (8/16/...) + VALUE Data to be written</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_df"><strong>df</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +df [-Pkmhai] [-B SIZE] [FILESYSTEM...] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print filesystem usage statistics</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -P POSIX output format + -k 1024-byte blocks (default) + -m 1M-byte blocks + -h Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G) + -a Show all filesystems + -i Inodes + -B SIZE Blocksize</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_dhcprelay"><strong>dhcprelay</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +dhcprelay CLIENT_IFACE[,CLIENT_IFACE2...] SERVER_IFACE [SERVER_IP] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Relay DHCP requests between clients and server</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_diff"><strong>diff</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +diff [-abdiNqrTstw] [-L LABEL] [-S FILE] [-U LINES] FILE1 FILE2 +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Compare files line by line and output the differences between them. +This implementation supports unified diffs only.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a Treat all files as text + -b Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace + -d Try hard to find a smaller set of changes + -i Ignore case differences + -L Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header + -N Treat absent files as empty + -q Output only whether files differ + -r Recursively compare subdirectories + -S Start with FILE when comparing directories + -T Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary + -s Report when two files are the same + -t Expand tabs to spaces in output + -U Output LINES lines of context + -w Ignore all whitespace</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_dirname"><strong>dirname</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +dirname FILENAME +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_dmesg"><strong>dmesg</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +dmesg [-c] [-n LEVEL] [-s SIZE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print or control the kernel ring buffer</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Clear ring buffer after printing + -n LEVEL Set console logging level + -s SIZE Buffer size</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_dnsd"><strong>dnsd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +dnsd [-c config] [-t seconds] [-p port] [-i iface-ip] [-d] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Small static DNS server daemon</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Config filename + -t TTL in seconds + -p Listening port + -i Listening ip (default all) + -d Daemonize</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_dos2unix"><strong>dos2unix</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +dos2unix [OPTIONS] [FILE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Convert FILE in-place from DOS to Unix format. +When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -u dos2unix + -d unix2dos</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_dpkg"><strong>dpkg</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +dpkg [-ilCPru] [-F option] package_name +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Install, remove and manage Debian packages</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -i Install the package + -l List of installed packages + -C Configure an unpackaged package + -F depends Ignore dependency problems + -P Purge all files of a package + -r Remove all but the configuration files for a package + -u Unpack a package, but don't configure it</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_du"><strong>du</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory. +Disk space is printed in units of 1024 bytes.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a Show file sizes too + -H Follow symlinks on command line + -L Follow all symlinks + -d N Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N + -c Show grand total + -l Count sizes many times if hard linked + -s Display only a total for each argument + -x Skip directories on different filesystems + -h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G ) + -m Sizes in megabytes + -k Sizes in kilobytes (default)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_dumpkmap"><strong>dumpkmap</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +dumpkmap > keymap +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print a binary keyboard translation table to standard output</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_dumpleases"><strong>dumpleases</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +dumpleases [-r|-a] [-f LEASEFILE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Display DHCP leases granted by udhcpd</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -f,--file=FILE Leases file to load + -r,--remaining Interpret lease times as time remaining + -a,--absolute Interpret lease times as expire time</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_echo"><strong>echo</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +echo [-neE] [ARG...] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print the specified ARGs to stdout</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -n Suppress trailing newline + -e Interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e., \t=tab) + -E Disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ed"><strong>ed</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +ed +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_eject"><strong>eject</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +eject [-t] [-T] [DEVICE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Eject specified DEVICE (or default /dev/cdrom)</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -s SCSI device + -t Close tray + -T Open/close tray (toggle)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_env"><strong>env</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +env [-iu] [-] [name=value]... [PROG [ARGS]] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print the current environment or run PROG after setting up +the specified environment</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -, -i Start with an empty environment + -u Remove variable from the environment</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_envdir"><strong>envdir</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +envdir dir prog args +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Set various environment variables as specified by files +in the directory dir and run PROG</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_envuidgid"><strong>envuidgid</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +envuidgid account prog args +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Set $UID to account's uid and $GID to account's gid and run PROG</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_expand"><strong>expand</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +expand [-i] [-t N] [FILE|-] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Convert tabs to spaces, writing to standard output</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -i,--initial Don't convert tabs after non blanks + -t,--tabs=N Tabstops every N chars</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_expr"><strong>expr</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +expr EXPRESSION +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>EXPRESSION may be:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2 + ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0 + ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly: + ARG1 <= ARG2 + ARG1 = ARG2 + ARG1 != ARG2 + ARG1 >= ARG2 + ARG1 > ARG2 + ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly: + ARG1 - ARG2 + ARG1 * ARG2 + ARG1 / ARG2 + ARG1 % ARG2 + STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING + match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP + substr STRING POS LENGTH Substring of STRING, POS counted from 1 + index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0 + length STRING Length of STRING + quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if + it is a keyword like 'match' or an + operator like '/' + (EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. +Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else +lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between +\( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number +of characters matched or 0.</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_fakeidentd"><strong>fakeidentd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +fakeidentd [-fiw] [-b ADDR] [STRING] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Provide fake ident (auth) service</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -f Run in foreground + -i Inetd mode + -w Inetd 'wait' mode + -b ADDR Bind to specified address + STRING Ident answer string (default: nobody)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_false"><strong>false</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +false +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Return an exit code of FALSE (1)</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_fbset"><strong>fbset</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +fbset [OPTIONS] [MODE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Show and modify frame buffer settings</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_fbsplash"><strong>fbsplash</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +fbsplash -s IMGFILE [-c] [-d DEV] [-i INIFILE] [-f CMD] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -s Image + -c Hide cursor + -d Framebuffer device (default /dev/fb0) + -i Config file (var=value): + BAR_LEFT,BAR_TOP,BAR_WIDTH,BAR_HEIGHT + BAR_R,BAR_G,BAR_B + -f Control pipe (else exit after drawing image) + commands: 'NN' (% for progress bar) or 'exit'</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_fdflush"><strong>fdflush</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +fdflush DEVICE +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_fdformat"><strong>fdformat</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +fdformat [-n] DEVICE +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Format floppy disk</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -n Don't verify after format</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_fdisk"><strong>fdisk</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +fdisk [-ul] [-C CYLINDERS] [-H HEADS] [-S SECTORS] [-b SSZ] DISK +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Change partition table</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -u Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders) + -l Show partition table for each DISK, then exit + -b 2048 (for certain MO disks) use 2048-byte sectors + -C CYLINDERS Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors + -H HEADS</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -S SECTORS</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_find"><strong>find</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +find [PATH...] [EXPRESSION] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Search for files. The default PATH is the current directory, +default EXPRESSION is '-print'</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>EXPRESSION may consist of:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -follow Dereference symlinks + -xdev Don't descend directories on other filesystems + -maxdepth N Descend at most N levels. -maxdepth 0 applies + tests/actions to command line arguments only + -mindepth N Don't act on first N levels + -name PATTERN File name (w/o directory name) matches PATTERN + -iname PATTERN Case insensitive -name + -path PATTERN Path matches PATTERN + -regex PATTERN Path matches regex PATTERN + -type X File type is X (X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,...) + -perm NNN Permissions match any of (+NNN), all of (-NNN), + or exactly NNN + -mtime DAYS Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N), + or exactly N days + -mmin MINS Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N), + or exactly N minutes + -newer FILE Modified time is more recent than FILE's + -inum N File has inode number N + -user NAME File is owned by user NAME (numeric user ID allowed) + -group NAME File belongs to group NAME (numeric group ID allowed) + -depth Process directory name after traversing it + -size N[bck] File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.)). + +/-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N + -links N Number of links is greater than (+N), less than (-N), + or exactly N + -print Print (default and assumed) + -print0 Delimit output with null characters rather than + newlines + -exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by the + matching files + -prune Stop traversing current subtree + -delete Delete files, turns on -depth option + (EXPR) Group an expression</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_findfs"><strong>findfs</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +findfs LABEL=label or UUID=uuid +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Find a filesystem device based on a label or UUID</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_flash_eraseall"><strong>flash_eraseall</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +flash_eraseall [-jq] MTD_DEVICE +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Erase an MTD device</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -j Format the device for jffs2 + -q Don't display progress messages</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_flash_lock"><strong>flash_lock</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +flash_lock MTD_DEVICE OFFSET SECTORS +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Lock part or all of an MTD device. If SECTORS is -1, then all sectors +will be locked, regardless of the value of OFFSET</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_flash_unlock"><strong>flash_unlock</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +flash_unlock MTD_DEVICE +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Unlock an MTD device</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_flashcp"><strong>flashcp</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +flashcp -v FILE MTD_DEVICE +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Copy an image to MTD device</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -v Verbose</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_fold"><strong>fold</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +fold [-bs] [-w WIDTH] [FILE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to +standard output</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -b Count bytes rather than columns + -s Break at spaces + -w Use WIDTH columns instead of 80</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_free"><strong>free</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +free +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Display the amount of free and used system memory</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_freeramdisk"><strong>freeramdisk</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +freeramdisk DEVICE +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_fsck"><strong>fsck</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +fsck [-ANPRTV] [-C fd] [-t fstype] [fs-options] [filesys...] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Check and repair filesystems</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -A Walk /etc/fstab and check all filesystems + -N Don't execute, just show what would be done + -P With -A, check filesystems in parallel + -R With -A, skip the root filesystem + -T Don't show title on startup + -V Verbose + -C n Write status information to specified filedescriptor + -t type List of filesystem types to check</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_fsck%2eminix"><strong>fsck.minix</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +fsck.minix [-larvsmf] /dev/name +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Check MINIX filesystem</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -l List all filenames + -r Perform interactive repairs + -a Perform automatic repairs + -v Verbose + -s Output superblock information + -m Show "mode not cleared" warnings + -f Force file system check</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_fsync"><strong>fsync</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +fsync [OPTIONS] FILE...Write files' buffered blocks to disk +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -d Avoid syncing metadata</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ftpd"><strong>ftpd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +ftpd [-wvS] [-t N] [-T N] [DIR] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Anonymous FTP server</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>ftpd should be used as an inetd service. +ftpd's line for inetd.conf: + 21 stream tcp nowait root ftpd ftpd /files/to/serve +It also can be ran from tcpsvd:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + tcpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 21 ftpd /files/to/serve</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -w Allow upload + -v Log to stderr + -S Log to syslog + -t,-T Idle and absolute timeouts + DIR Change root to this directory</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ftpget"><strong>ftpget</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +ftpget [OPTIONS] HOST [LOCAL_FILE] REMOTE_FILE +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Retrieve a remote file via FTP</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c,--continue Continue previous transfer + -v,--verbose Verbose + -u,--username Username + -p,--password Password + -P,--port Port number</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ftpput"><strong>ftpput</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +ftpput [OPTIONS] HOST [REMOTE_FILE] LOCAL_FILE +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Store a local file on a remote machine via FTP</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -v,--verbose Verbose + -u,--username Username + -p,--password Password + -P,--port Port number</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_fuser"><strong>fuser</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +fuser [OPTIONS] FILE or PORT/PROTO +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Find processes which use FILEs or PORTs</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -m Find processes which use same fs as FILEs + -4 Search only IPv4 space + -6 Search only IPv6 space + -s Silent: just exit with 0 if any processes are found + -k Kill found processes (otherwise display PIDs) + -SIGNAL Signal to send (default: TERM)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_getopt"><strong>getopt</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +getopt [OPTIONS] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a,--alternative Allow long options starting with single - + -l,--longoptions=longopts Long options to be recognized + -n,--name=progname The name under which errors are reported + -o,--options=optstring Short options to be recognized + -q,--quiet Disable error reporting by getopt(3) + -Q,--quiet-output No normal output + -s,--shell=shell Set shell quoting conventions + -T,--test Test for getopt(1) version + -u,--unquoted Don't quote the output</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_getty"><strong>getty</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +getty [OPTIONS] BAUD_RATE TTY [TERMTYPE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Open a tty, prompt for a login name, then invoke /bin/login</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -h Enable hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control + -i Don't display /etc/issue before running login + -L Local line, don't do carrier detect + -m Get baud rate from modem's CONNECT status message + -w Wait for a CR or LF before sending /etc/issue + -n Don't prompt the user for a login name + -f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue + -l LOGIN Invoke LOGIN instead of /bin/login + -t SEC Terminate after SEC if no username is read + -I INITSTR Send INITSTR before anything else + -H HOST Log HOST into the utmp file as the hostname</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_grep"><strong>grep</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +grep [-HhrilLnqvsoweFEABCz] PATTERN [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -H Prefix output lines with filename where match was found + -h Suppress the prefixing filename on output + -r Recurse + -i Ignore case distinctions + -l List names of files that match + -L List names of files that don't match + -n Print line number with output lines + -q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise + -v Select non-matching lines + -s Suppress file open/read error messages + -c Only print count of matching lines + -o Show only the part of a line that matches PATTERN + -m N Match up to N times per file + -w Match whole words only + -F PATTERN is a set of newline-separated strings + -E PATTERN is an extended regular expression + -e PTRN Pattern to match + -f FILE Read pattern from file + -A N Print N lines of trailing context + -B N Print N lines of leading context + -C N Print N lines of output context + -z Input is NUL terminated</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_gunzip"><strong>gunzip</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +gunzip [OPTIONS] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Uncompress FILEs (or standard input)</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Write to standard output + -f Force + -t Test file integrity</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_gzip"><strong>gzip</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +gzip [OPTIONS] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Compress FILEs (or standard input)</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Write to standard output + -d Decompress + -f Force</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_halt"><strong>halt</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +halt [-d DELAY] [-n] [-f] [-w] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Halt the system</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -d Delay interval for halting + -n No call to sync() + -f Force halt (don't go through init) + -w Only write a wtmp record</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_hd"><strong>hd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +hd FILE... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>hd is an alias for hexdump -C</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_hdparm"><strong>hdparm</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +hdparm [OPTIONS] [DEVICE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a Get/set fs readahead + -A Set drive read-lookahead flag (0/1) + -b Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate) + -B Set Advanced Power Management setting (1-255) + -c Get/set IDE 32-bit IO setting + -C Check IDE power mode status + -d Get/set using_dma flag + -D Enable/disable drive defect-mgmt + -f Flush buffer cache for device on exit + -g Display drive geometry + -h Display terse usage information + -i Display drive identification + -I Detailed/current information directly from drive + -k Get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1) + -K Set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1) + -L Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only) + -m Get/set multiple sector count + -n Get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1) + -p Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...) + -P Set drive prefetch count + -Q Get/set DMA tagged-queuing depth (if supported) + -r Get/set readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set) + -R Register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) + -S Set standby (spindown) timeout + -t Perform device read timings + -T Perform cache read timings + -u Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1) + -U Un-register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) + -v Defaults; same as -mcudkrag for IDE drives + -V Display program version and exit immediately + -w Perform device reset (DANGEROUS) + -W Set drive write-caching flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS) + -x Tristate device for hotswap (0/1) (DANGEROUS) + -X Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS) + -y Put IDE drive in standby mode + -Y Put IDE drive to sleep + -Z Disable Seagate auto-powersaving mode + -z Re-read partition table</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_head"><strong>head</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +head [OPTIONS] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print first 10 lines of each FILE (or standard input) to standard output. +With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -n N Print first N lines instead of first 10 + -c N Output the first N bytes + -q Never output headers giving file names + -v Always output headers giving file names</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_hexdump"><strong>hexdump</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +hexdump [-bcCdefnosvxR] FILE... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Display FILEs or standard input in a user specified format</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -b One-byte octal display + -c One-byte character display + -C Canonical hex+ASCII, 16 bytes per line + -d Two-byte decimal display + -e FORMAT STRING + -f FORMAT FILE + -n LENGTH Interpret only LENGTH bytes of input + -o Two-byte octal display + -s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes + -v Display all input data + -x Two-byte hexadecimal display + -R Reverse of 'hexdump -Cv'</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_hostid"><strong>hostid</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +hostid +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_hostname"><strong>hostname</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +hostname [OPTIONS] [HOSTNAME | -F FILE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Get or set hostname or DNS domain name</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -s Short + -i Addresses for the hostname + -d DNS domain name + -f Fully qualified domain name + -F FILE Use FILE's content as hostname</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_httpd"><strong>httpd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +httpd [-ifv[v]] [-c CONFFILE] [-p [IP:]PORT] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-r REALM] [-h HOME] +or httpd -d/-e/-m STRING +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Listen for incoming HTTP requests</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -i Inetd mode + -f Don't daemonize + -v[v] Verbose + -c FILE Configuration file (default httpd.conf) + -p [IP:]PORT Bind to ip:port (default *:80) + -u USER[:GRP] Set uid/gid after binding to port + -r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication + -h HOME Home directory (default .) + -m STRING MD5 crypt STRING + -e STRING HTML encode STRING + -d STRING URL decode STRING</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_hwclock"><strong>hwclock</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +hwclock [-r|--show] [-s|--hctosys] [-w|--systohc] [-l|--localtime] [-u|--utc] [-f FILE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Query and set hardware clock (RTC)</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -r Show hardware clock time + -s Set system time from hardware clock + -w Set hardware clock to system time + -u Hardware clock is in UTC + -l Hardware clock is in local time + -f FILE Use specified device (e.g. /dev/rtc2)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_id"><strong>id</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +id [OPTIONS] [USER] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print information about USER or the current user</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -u Print user ID + -g Print group ID + -G Print supplementary group IDs + -n Print name instead of a number + -r Print real user ID instead of effective ID</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ifconfig"><strong>ifconfig</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +ifconfig [-a] interface [address] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Configure a network interface</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + [add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] + [del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] + [[-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]] + [netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS] + [outfill NN] [keepalive NN] + [hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN] + [[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti] + [multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[-]dynamic] + [mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN] + [up|down] ...</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ifenslave"><strong>ifenslave</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +ifenslave [-cdf] master-iface <slave-iface...> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Configure network interfaces for parallel routing</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c, --change-active Change active slave + -d, --detach Remove slave interface from bonding device + -f, --force Force, even if interface is not Ethernet</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ifplugd"><strong>ifplugd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +ifplugd [OPTIONS] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Network interface plug detection daemon</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -n Don't daemonize + -s Don't log to syslog + -i IFACE Interface + -f/-F Treat link detection error as link down/link up + (otherwise exit on error) + -a Don't up interface at each link probe + -M Monitor creation/destruction of interface + (otherwise it must exist) + -r PROG Script to run + -x ARG Extra argument for script + -I Don't exit on nonzero exit code from script + -p Don't run script on daemon startup + -q Don't run script on daemon quit + -l Run script on startup even if no cable is detected + -t SECS Poll time in seconds + -u SECS Delay before running script after link up + -d SECS Delay after link down + -m MODE API mode (mii, priv, ethtool, wlan, iff, auto) + -k Kill running daemon</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_inetd"><strong>inetd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +inetd [-fe] [-q N] [-R N] [CONFFILE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Listen for network connections and launch programs</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -f Run in foreground + -e Log to stderr + -q N Socket listen queue (default: 128) + -R N Pause services after N connects/min + (default: 0 - disabled)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_init"><strong>init</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +init +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Init is the parent of all processes</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_inotifyd"><strong>inotifyd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +inotifyd PROG FILE1[:MASK] ... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Run PROG on filesystem changes. +When a filesystem event matching MASK occurs on FILEn, +PROG <actual_event(s)> <FILEn> [<subfile_name>] is run. +Events:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + a File is accessed + c File is modified + e Metadata changed + w Writable file is closed + 0 Unwritable file is closed + r File is opened + D File is deleted + M File is moved + u Backing fs is unmounted + o Event queue overflowed + x File can't be watched anymore +If watching a directory:</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + m Subfile is moved into dir + y Subfile is moved out of dir + n Subfile is created + d Subfile is deleted</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>inotifyd waits for PROG to exit. +When x event happens for all FILEs, inotifyd exits</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_insmod"><strong>insmod</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +insmod [OPTIONS] MODULE [symbol=value]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Load the specified kernel modules into the kernel</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -f Force module to load into the wrong kernel version + -k Make module autoclean-able + -v Verbose + -q Quiet + -L Lock to prevent simultaneous loads of a module + -m Output load map to stdout + -o NAME Set internal module name to NAME + -x Don't export externs</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_install"><strong>install</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +install [-cdDsp] [-o USER] [-g GRP] [-m MODE] [source] dest|directory +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Copy files and set attributes</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Just copy (default) + -d Create directories + -D Create leading target directories + -s Strip symbol table + -p Preserve date + -o USER Set ownership + -g GRP Set group ownership + -m MODE Set permissions</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ionice"><strong>ionice</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +ionice [-c 1-3] [-n 0-7] [-p PID] [PROG] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Change I/O scheduling class and priority</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Class. 1:realtime 2:best-effort 3:idle + -n Priority</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ip"><strong>ip</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +ip [OPTIONS] {address | route | link | tunnel | rule} {COMMAND} +</dd> +<dd> +<p>ip [OPTIONS] OBJECT {COMMAND} +where OBJECT := {address | route | link | tunnel | rule} +OPTIONS := { -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | link } | -o[neline] }</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ipaddr"><strong>ipaddr</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td>ipaddr { {add|del} IFADDR dev STRING | {show|flush} +<tr><td><td>[dev STRING] [to PREFIX] }</table> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>ipaddr {add|delete} IFADDR dev STRING +ipaddr {show|flush} [dev STRING] [scope SCOPE-ID] + [to PREFIX] [label PATTERN] + IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX + [broadcast ADDR] [anycast ADDR] + [label STRING] [scope SCOPE-ID] + SCOPE-ID := [host | link | global | NUMBER]</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ipcalc"><strong>ipcalc</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +ipcalc [OPTIONS] ADDRESS[[/]NETMASK] [NETMASK] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Calculate IP network settings from a IP address</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -b,--broadcast Display calculated broadcast address + -n,--network Display calculated network address + -m,--netmask Display default netmask for IP + -p,--prefix Display the prefix for IP/NETMASK + -h,--hostname Display first resolved host name + -s,--silent Don't ever display error messages</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ipcrm"><strong>ipcrm</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +ipcrm [-MQS key] [-mqs id] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Upper-case options MQS remove an object by shmkey value. +Lower-case options remove an object by shmid value.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -mM Remove memory segment after last detach + -qQ Remove message queue + -sS Remove semaphore</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ipcs"><strong>ipcs</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +ipcs [[-smq] -i shmid] | [[-asmq] [-tcplu]] +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -i Show specific resource +Resource specification:</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -m Shared memory segments + -q Message queues + -s Semaphore arrays + -a All (default) +Output format:</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -t Time + -c Creator + -p Pid + -l Limits + -u Summary</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_iplink"><strong>iplink</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +iplink { set DEVICE { up | down | arp { on | off } | show [DEVICE] } +</dd> +<dd> +<p>iplink set DEVICE { up | down | arp | multicast { on | off } | + dynamic { on | off } | + mtu MTU } +iplink show [DEVICE]</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_iproute"><strong>iproute</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td>iproute { list | flush | { add | del | change | append | +<tr><td><td>replace | monitor } ROUTE }</table> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>iproute { list | flush } SELECTOR +iproute get ADDRESS [from ADDRESS iif STRING] + [oif STRING] [tos TOS] +iproute { add | del | change | append | replace | monitor } ROUTE + SELECTOR := [root PREFIX] [match PREFIX] [proto RTPROTO] + ROUTE := [TYPE] PREFIX [tos TOS] [proto RTPROTO] + [metric METRIC]</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_iprule"><strong>iprule</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +iprule {[list | add | del] RULE} +</dd> +<dd> +<p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td>iprule [list | add | del] SELECTOR ACTION +<tr><td><td>SELECTOR := [from PREFIX] [to PREFIX] [tos TOS] [fwmark FWMARK] +<tr><td><td>[dev STRING] [pref NUMBER] +<tr><td><td>ACTION := [table TABLE_ID] [nat ADDRESS] +<tr><td><td>[prohibit | reject | unreachable] +<tr><td><td>[realms [SRCREALM/]DSTREALM] +<tr><td><td>TABLE_ID := [local | main | default | NUMBER]</table></p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_iptunnel"><strong>iptunnel</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td>iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [NAME] +<tr><td><td>[mode { ipip | gre | sit }] +<tr><td><td>[remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [ttl TTL]</table> +</dd> +<dd> +<p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td>iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [NAME] +<tr><td><td>[mode { ipip | gre | sit }] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] +<tr><td><td>[[i|o]seq] [[i|o]key KEY] [[i|o]csum] +<tr><td><td>[ttl TTL] [tos TOS] [[no]pmtudisc] [dev PHYS_DEV]</table></p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_kbd_mode"><strong>kbd_mode</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +kbd_mode [-a|k|s|u] [-C TTY] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Report or set the keyboard mode</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a Default (ASCII) + -k Medium-raw (keyboard) + -s Raw (scancode) + -u Unicode (utf-8) + -C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_kill"><strong>kill</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +kill [-l] [-SIG] PID... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Send a signal (default: TERM) to given PIDs</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -l List all signal names and numbers</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_killall"><strong>killall</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +killall [-l] [-q] [-SIG] process-name... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Send a signal (default: TERM) to given processes</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -l List all signal names and numbers + -q Don't complain if no processes were killed</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_killall5"><strong>killall5</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +killall5 [-l] [-SIG] [-o PID]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Send a signal (default: TERM) to all processes outside current session</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -l List all signal names and numbers + -o PID Don't signal this PID</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_klogd"><strong>klogd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +klogd [-c N] [-n] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Kernel logger</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c N Only messages with level < N are printed to console + -n Run in foreground</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_last"><strong>last</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +last [-HW] [-f file] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Show listing of the last users that logged into the system</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -W Display with no host column truncation + -f file Read from file instead of /var/log/wtmp</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_length"><strong>length</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +length STRING +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print STRING's length</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_less"><strong>less</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +less [-EMNmh~I?] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>View a file or list of files. The position within files can be +changed, and files can be manipulated in various ways.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -E Quit once the end of a file is reached + -M,-m Display status line with line numbers + and percentage through the file + -N Prefix line number to each line + -I Ignore case in all searches + -~ Suppress ~s displayed past the end of the file</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ln"><strong>ln</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +ln [OPTIONS] TARGET... LINK|DIRECTORY +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Create a link LINK or DIRECTORY/TARGET to the specified <code>TARGET(s)</code></p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks + -f Remove existing destination files + -n Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file + -b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation + -S suf Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_loadfont"><strong>loadfont</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +loadfont < font +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Load a console font from standard input</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_loadkmap"><strong>loadkmap</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +loadkmap < keymap +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Load a binary keyboard translation table from standard input</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_logger"><strong>logger</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +logger [OPTIONS] [MESSAGE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is omitted, log stdin.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -s Log to stderr as well as the system log + -t TAG Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name) + -p PRIO Priority (numeric or facility.level pair)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_login"><strong>login</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +login [-p] [-h HOST] [[-f] USER] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Begin a new session on the system</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -f Don't authenticate (user already authenticated) + -h Name of the remote host + -p Preserve environment</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_logname"><strong>logname</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +logname +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print the name of the current user</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_logread"><strong>logread</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +logread [OPTIONS] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Show messages in syslogd's circular buffer</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -f Output data as log grows</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_losetup"><strong>losetup</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td>losetup [-o OFS] LOOPDEV FILE - associate loop devices +<tr><td><td>losetup -d LOOPDEV - disassociate +<tr><td><td>losetup [-f] - show</table> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE + -f Show first free loop device</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_lpd"><strong>lpd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +lpd SPOOLDIR [HELPER [ARGS]] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>SPOOLDIR must contain (symlinks to) device nodes or directories +with names matching print queue names. In the first case, jobs are +sent directly to the device. Otherwise each job is stored in queue +directory and HELPER program is called. Name of file to print +is passed in $DATAFILE variable. +Example:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + tcpsvd -E 0 515 softlimit -m 999999 lpd /var/spool ./print</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_lpq"><strong>lpq</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +lpq [-P queue[@host[:port]]] [-U USERNAME] [-d JOBID...] [-fs] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) + -d Delete jobs + -f Force any waiting job to be printed + -s Short display</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_lpr"><strong>lpr</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +lpr -P queue[@host[:port]] -U USERNAME -J TITLE -Vmh [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) + -m Send mail on completion + -h Print banner page too + -V Verbose</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ls"><strong>ls</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +ls [-1AacCdeFilnpLRrSsTtuvwxXhk] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>List directory contents</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -1 List in a single column + -A Don't list . and .. + -a Don't hide entries starting with . + -C List by columns + -c With -l: sort by ctime + --color[={always,never,auto}] Control coloring + -d List directory entries instead of contents + -e List full date and time + -F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries + -i List inode numbers + -l Long listing format + -n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names + -p Append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries + -L List entries pointed to by symlinks + -R List subdirectories recursively + -r Sort in reverse order + -S Sort by file size + -s List the size of each file, in blocks + -T N Assume tabstop every N columns + -t With -l: sort by modification time + -u With -l: sort by access time + -v Sort by version + -w N Assume the terminal is N columns wide + -x List by lines + -X Sort by extension + -h List sizes in human readable format (1K 243M 2G)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_lsattr"><strong>lsattr</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +lsattr [-Radlv] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>List file attributes on an ext2 fs</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -R Recursively list subdirectories + -a Don't hide entries starting with . + -d List directory entries instead of contents + -l List long flag names + -v List the file's version/generation number</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_lsmod"><strong>lsmod</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +lsmod +</dd> +<dd> +<p>List the currently loaded kernel modules</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_lspci"><strong>lspci</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +lspci [-mk] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>List all PCI devices</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -m Parseable output + -k Show driver</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_lzmacat"><strong>lzmacat</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +lzmacat FILE +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Uncompress to stdout</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_lzop"><strong>lzop</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +lzop [-cfvd123456789CF] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Write to standard output + -f Force + -v Verbose + -d Decompress + -F Don't store or verify checksum + -C Also write checksum of compressed block + -1..9 Compression level</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_lzopcat"><strong>lzopcat</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +lzopcat [-vCF] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -v Verbose + -F Don't store or verify checksum</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_makedevs"><strong>makedevs</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +makedevs [-d device_table] rootdir +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Create a range of special files as specified in a device table. +Device table entries take the form of:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p><type> <mode> <uid> <gid> <major> <minor> <start> <inc> <count> +Where name is the file name, type can be one of: + f Regular file + d Directory + c Character device + b Block device + p Fifo (named pipe) +uid is the user id for the target file, gid is the group id for the +target file. The rest of the entries (major, minor, etc) apply to +to device special files. A '-' may be used for blank entries.</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_makemime"><strong>makemime</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +makemime [OPTIONS] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Create multipart MIME-encoded message from FILEs</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -o FILE Output. Default: stdout + -a HDR Add header. Examples: + "From: user@host.org", "Date: `date -R`" + -c CT Content type. Default: text/plain + -C CS Charset. Default: us-ascii</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Other options are silently ignored</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_man"><strong>man</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +man [OPTIONS] [MANPAGE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Format and display manual page</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a Display all pages + -w Show page locations</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_md5sum"><strong>md5sum</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +md5sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]... + or: md5sum [OPTIONS] -c [FILE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print or check MD5 checksums</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Check sums against given list + -s Don't output anything, status code shows success + -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_mdev"><strong>mdev</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +mdev [-s] +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -s Scan /sys and populate /dev during system boot</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>It can be run by kernel as a hotplug helper. To activate it: + echo /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug +It uses /etc/mdev.conf with lines +[-]DEVNAME UID:GID PERM [>|=PATH] [@|$|*PROG]</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_mesg"><strong>mesg</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +mesg [y|n] +</dd> +<dd> +<p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td>Control write access to your terminal +<tr><td><td>y<td>Allow write access to your terminal +<tr><td><td>n<td>Disallow write access to your terminal</table></p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_microcom"><strong>microcom</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +microcom [-d DELAY] [-t TIMEOUT] [-s SPEED] [-X] TTY +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Copy bytes for stdin to TTY and from TTY to stdout</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -d Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending every + next byte to it + -t Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms + -s Set serial line to SPEED + -X Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl-X from stdin</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_mkdir"><strong>mkdir</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +mkdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Create DIRECTORY</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -m Mode + -p No error if exists; make parent directories as needed</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_mkdosfs"><strong>mkdosfs</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +mkdosfs [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Make a FAT32 filesystem</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -v Verbose + -n LBL Volume label</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_mke2fs"><strong>mke2fs</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +mke2fs [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes + -F Force + -i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO + -I BYTES Inode size (min 128) + -L LBL Volume label + -m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin + -n Dry run</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_mkfifo"><strong>mkfifo</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +mkfifo [OPTIONS] name +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Create named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p')</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -m MODE Mode (default a=rw)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_mkfs%2eext2"><strong>mkfs.ext2</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +mkfs.ext2 [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes + -F Force + -i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO + -I BYTES Inode size (min 128) + -L LBL Volume label + -m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin + -n Dry run</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_mkfs%2eminix"><strong>mkfs.minix</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +mkfs.minix [-c | -l filename] [-nXX] [-iXX] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Make a MINIX filesystem</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Check device for bad blocks + -n [14|30] Maximum length of filenames + -i INODES Number of inodes for the filesystem + -l FILENAME Read bad blocks list from FILENAME + -v Make version 2 filesystem</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_mkfs%2ereiser"><strong>mkfs.reiser</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +mkfs.reiser [-f] [-l LABEL] BLOCKDEV [4K-BLOCKS] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Make a ReiserFS V3 filesystem</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -f Force + -l LBL Volume label</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_mkfs%2evfat"><strong>mkfs.vfat</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +mkfs.vfat [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Make a FAT32 filesystem</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -v Verbose + -n LBL Volume label</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_mknod"><strong>mknod</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +mknod [OPTIONS] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Create a special file (block, character, or pipe)</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -m Create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw) +TYPEs include:</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + b: Make a block device + c or u: Make a character device + p: Make a named pipe (MAJOR and MINOR are ignored)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_mkpasswd"><strong>mkpasswd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +mkpasswd [OPTIONS] [PASSWORD] [SALT] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Crypt the PASSWORD using <code>crypt(3)</code></p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -P,--password-fd=N Read password from fd N + -m,--method=TYPE Encryption method TYPE + -S,--salt=SALT</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_mkswap"><strong>mkswap</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +mkswap [OPTIONS] BLOCKDEV +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Prepare BLOCKDEV to be used as swap partition</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -L LBL Label</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_mktemp"><strong>mktemp</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +mktemp [-dt] [-p DIR] [TEMPLATE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its name. +TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX).</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -d Make a directory instead of a file + -t Generate a path rooted in temporary directory + -p DIR Use DIR as a temporary directory (implies -t)</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>For -t or -p, directory is chosen as follows: +$TMPDIR if set, else -p DIR, else /tmp</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_modprobe"><strong>modprobe</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +modprobe [-knqrsvb] MODULE [symbol=value...] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -k Make module autoclean-able + -n Dry run + -q Quiet + -r Remove module (stacks) or do autoclean + -s Report via syslog instead of stderr + -v Verbose + -b Apply blacklist to module names too</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_more"><strong>more</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +more [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>View FILE or standard input one screenful at a time</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_mount"><strong>mount</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +mount [OPTIONS] [-o OPTS] DEVICE NODE +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a Mount all filesystems in fstab + -f Dry run + -i Don't run mount helper + -r Read-only mount + -w Read-write mount (default) + -t FSTYPE Filesystem type + -O OPT Mount only filesystems with option OPT (-a only) +-o OPT: + loop Ignored (loop devices are autodetected) + [a]sync Writes are [a]synchronous + [no]atime Disable/enable updates to inode access times + [no]diratime Disable/enable atime updates to directories + [no]relatime Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time + [no]dev (Dis)allow use of special device files + [no]exec (Dis)allow use of executable files + [no]suid (Dis)allow set-user-id-root programs + [r]shared Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree + [r]slave Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree + [r]private Convert [recursively] to a private subtree + [un]bindable Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted + bind Bind a file or directory to another location + move Relocate an existing mount point + remount Remount a mounted filesystem, changing flags + ro/rw Same as -r/-w</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>There are filesystem-specific -o flags.</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_mountpoint"><strong>mountpoint</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +mountpoint [-q] <[-dn] DIR | -x DEVICE> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Check if the directory is a mountpoint</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -q Quiet + -d Print major/minor device number of the filesystem + -n Print device name of the filesystem + -x Print major/minor device number of the blockdevice</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_mt"><strong>mt</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +mt [-f device] opcode value +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Control magnetic tape drive operation</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Available Opcodes:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase +fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 +ras3 reset retension rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity +setpart tell unload unlock weof wset</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_mv"><strong>mv</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +mv [OPTIONS] SOURCE DEST +or: mv [OPTIONS] SOURCE... DIRECTORY +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move <code>SOURCE(s)</code> to DIRECTORY</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -f Don't prompt before overwriting + -i Interactive, prompt before overwrite</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_nameif"><strong>nameif</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +nameif [-s] [-c FILE] [{IFNAME MACADDR}] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Rename network interface while it in the down state</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c FILE Use configuration file (default: /etc/mactab) + -s Use syslog (LOCAL0 facility) + IFNAME MACADDR new_interface_name interface_mac_address</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_nc"><strong>nc</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +nc [OPTIONS] HOST PORT - connect +nc [OPTIONS] -l -p PORT [HOST] [PORT] - listen +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -e PROG Run PROG after connect (must be last) + -l Listen mode, for inbound connects + -n Don't do DNS resolution + -s ADDR Local address + -p PORT Local port + -u UDP mode + -v Verbose + -w SEC Timeout for connects and final net reads + -i SEC Delay interval for lines sent + -o FILE Hex dump traffic + -z Zero-I/O mode (scanning)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_netstat"><strong>netstat</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +netstat [-laentuwxrWp] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Display networking information</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -l Display listening server sockets + -a Display all sockets (default: connected) + -e Display other/more information + -n Don't resolve names + -t Tcp sockets + -u Udp sockets + -w Raw sockets + -x Unix sockets + -r Display routing table + -W Display with no column truncation + -p Display PID/Program name for sockets</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_nice"><strong>nice</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +nice [-n ADJUST] [PROG [ARGS]] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Run PROG with modified scheduling priority</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -n ADJUST Adjust priority by ADJUST</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_nmeter"><strong>nmeter</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +nmeter format_string +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Monitor system in real time</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Format specifiers:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + %Nc or %[cN] Monitor CPU. N - bar size, default 10 + (displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq) + %[niface] Monitor network interface 'iface' + %m Monitor allocated memory + %[mf] Monitor free memory + %[mt] Monitor total memory + %s Monitor allocated swap + %f Monitor number of used file descriptors + %Ni Monitor total/specific IRQ rate + %x Monitor context switch rate + %p Monitor forks + %[pn] Monitor # of processes + %b Monitor block io + %Nt Show time (with N decimal points) + %Nd Milliseconds between updates (default:1000) + %r Print <cr> instead of <lf> at EOL</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_nohup"><strong>nohup</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +nohup PROG [ARGS] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Run PROG immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ntpd"><strong>ntpd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +ntpd [-dnqwl] [-S PROG] [-p PEER]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>NTP client/server</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -d Verbose + -n Do not daemonize + -q Quit after clock is set + -w Do not set time (only query peers), implies -n + -l Run as server on port 123 + -S PROG Run PROG after stepping time, stratum change, and every 11 mins + -p PEER Obtain time from PEER (may be repeated)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_od"><strong>od</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +od [-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOovXx] [-t TYPE] [FILE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of FILE +(or standard input) to standard output.</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_openvt"><strong>openvt</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +openvt [-c N] [-sw] [PROG [ARGS]] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Start PROG on a new virtual terminal</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c N Use specified VT + -s Switch to the VT + -w Wait for PROG to exit</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_passwd"><strong>passwd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +passwd [OPTIONS] [USER] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Change USER's password. If no USER is specified, +changes the password for the current user.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a Algorithm to use for password (des, md5) + -d Delete password for the account + -l Lock (disable) account + -u Unlock (re-enable) account</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_patch"><strong>patch</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +patch [OPTIONS] [ORIGFILE [PATCHFILE]] +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -p,--strip N Strip N leading components from file names + -i,--input DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin + -R,--reverse Reverse patch + -N,--forward Ignore already applied patches + --dry-run Don't actually change files</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_pgrep"><strong>pgrep</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +pgrep [-flnovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Display <code>process(es)</code> selected by regex PATTERN</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -l Show command name too + -f Match against entire command line + -n Show the newest process only + -o Show the oldest process only + -v Negate the match + -x Match whole name (not substring) + -s Match session ID (0 for current) + -P Match parent process ID</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_pidof"><strong>pidof</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +pidof [OPTIONS] [NAME...] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -s Show only one PID + -o PID Omit given pid + Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof's parent</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ping"><strong>ping</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +ping [OPTIONS] HOST +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -4, -6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution + -c CNT Send only CNT pings + -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56) + -I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source + -W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default:10) + (after all -c CNT packets are sent) + -w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite) + (can exit earlier with -c CNT) + -q Quiet, only displays output at start + and when finished</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ping6"><strong>ping6</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +ping6 [OPTIONS] HOST +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c CNT Send only CNT pings + -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56) + -I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source + -q Quiet, only displays output at start + and when finished</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_pivot_root"><strong>pivot_root</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +pivot_root NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Move the current root file system to PUT_OLD and make NEW_ROOT +the new root file system</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_pkill"><strong>pkill</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +pkill [-l|-SIGNAL] [-fnovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Send a signal to <code>process(es)</code> selected by regex PATTERN</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -l List all signals + -f Match against entire command line + -n Signal the newest process only + -o Signal the oldest process only + -v Negate the match + -x Match whole name (not substring) + -s Match session ID (0 for current) + -P Match parent process ID</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_popmaildir"><strong>popmaildir</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +popmaildir [OPTIONS] MAILDIR [CONN_HELPER ARGS] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Fetch content of remote mailbox to local maildir</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -s Skip authorization + -T Get messages with TOP instead with RETR + -k Keep retrieved messages on the server + -t SEC Network timeout + -F "PROG ARGS" Filter program. May be multiple + -M "PROG ARGS" Delivery program</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_poweroff"><strong>poweroff</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +poweroff [-d DELAY] [-n] [-f] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Halt and shut off power</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -d Delay interval for halting + -n No call to sync() + -f Force power off (don't go through init)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_printenv"><strong>printenv</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +printenv [VARIABLE...] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print all or part of environment. +If no environment VARIABLE specified, print them all.</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_printf"><strong>printf</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT...] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Format and print <code>ARGUMENT(s)</code> according to FORMAT, +where FORMAT controls the output exactly as in C printf</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ps"><strong>ps</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +ps +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Report process status</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -o col1,col2=header Select columns for display + -T Show threads</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_pscan"><strong>pscan</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +pscan [-cb] [-p MIN_PORT] [-P MAX_PORT] [-t TIMEOUT] [-T MIN_RTT] HOST +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Scan a host, print all open ports</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Show closed ports too + -b Show blocked ports too + -p Scan from this port (default 1) + -P Scan up to this port (default 1024) + -t Timeout (default 5000 ms) + -T Minimum rtt (default 5 ms, increase for congested hosts)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_pwd"><strong>pwd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +pwd +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print the full filename of the current working directory</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_raidautorun"><strong>raidautorun</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +raidautorun DEVICE +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Tell the kernel to automatically search and start RAID arrays</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_rdate"><strong>rdate</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +rdate [-sp] HOST +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -s Set the system date and time (default) + -p Print the date and time</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_rdev"><strong>rdev</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +rdev +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print the device node associated with the filesystem mounted at '/'</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_readlink"><strong>readlink</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +readlink [-fnv] FILE +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Display the value of a symlink</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -f Canonicalize by following all symlinks + -n Don't add newline + -v Verbose</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_readprofile"><strong>readprofile</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +readprofile [OPTIONS] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -m mapfile (Default: /boot/System.map) + -p profile (Default: /proc/profile) + -M mult Set the profiling multiplier to mult + -i Print only info about the sampling step + -v Verbose + -a Print all symbols, even if count is 0 + -b Print individual histogram-bin counts + -s Print individual counters within functions + -r Reset all the counters (root only) + -n Disable byte order auto-detection</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_realpath"><strong>realpath</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +realpath pathname... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Return the absolute pathnames of given argument</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_reboot"><strong>reboot</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +reboot [-d DELAY] [-n] [-f] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Reboot the system</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -d Delay interval for rebooting + -n No call to sync() + -f Force reboot (don't go through init)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_reformime"><strong>reformime</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +reformime [OPTIONS] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Parse MIME-encoded message</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -x prefix Extract content of MIME sections to files + -X prog [args] Filter content of MIME sections through prog. + Must be the last option</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Other options are silently ignored.</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_renice"><strong>renice</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +renice {{-n INCREMENT} | PRIORITY} [[-p | -g | -u] ID...] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Change priority of running processes</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -n Adjust current nice value (smaller is faster) + -p Process id(s) (default) + -g Process group id(s) + -u Process user name(s) and/or id(s)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_reset"><strong>reset</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +reset +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Reset the screen</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_resize"><strong>resize</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +resize +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Resize the screen</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_rm"><strong>rm</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +rm [OPTIONS] FILE... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Remove (unlink) FILEs</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -i Always prompt before removing + -f Never prompt + -r,-R Remove directories recursively</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_rmdir"><strong>rmdir</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +rmdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Remove the DIRECTORY, if it is empty</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -p|--parents Include parents + --ignore-fail-on-non-empty</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_rmmod"><strong>rmmod</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +rmmod [OPTIONS] [MODULE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Unload the specified kernel modules from the kernel</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -w Wait until the module is no longer used + -f Force unloading + -a Remove all unused modules (recursively)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_route"><strong>route</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +route [{add|del|delete}] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Edit kernel routing tables</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -n Don't resolve names + -e Display other/more information + -A inet{6} Select address family</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_rpm"><strong>rpm</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +rpm -i -q[ildc]p package.rpm +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Manipulate RPM packages</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -i Install package + -q Query package + -p Query uninstalled package + -i Show information + -l List contents + -d List documents + -c List config files</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_rpm2cpio"><strong>rpm2cpio</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +rpm2cpio package.rpm +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Output a cpio archive of the rpm file</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_rtcwake"><strong>rtcwake</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +rtcwake [-a | -l | -u] [-d DEV] [-m MODE] [-s SEC | -t TIME] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a,--auto Read clock mode from adjtime + -l,--local Clock is set to local time + -u,--utc Clock is set to UTC time + -d,--device=DEV Specify the RTC device + -m,--mode=MODE Set the sleep state (default: standby) + -s,--seconds=SEC Set the timeout in SEC seconds from now + -t,--time=TIME Set the timeout to TIME seconds from epoch</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_run%2dparts"><strong>run-parts</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +run-parts [-t] [-l] [-a ARG] [-u MASK] DIRECTORY +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Run a bunch of scripts in a directory</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -t Print what would be run, but don't actually run anything + -a ARG Pass ARG as argument for every program + -u MASK Set the umask to MASK before running every program + -l Print names of all matching files even if they are not executable</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_runlevel"><strong>runlevel</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +runlevel [utmp] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Find the current and previous system runlevel</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>If no utmp file exists or if no runlevel record can be found, +print ``unknown''</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_runsv"><strong>runsv</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +runsv dir +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Start and monitor a service and optionally an appendant log service</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_runsvdir"><strong>runsvdir</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +runsvdir [-P] [-s SCRIPT] dir +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Start a runsv process for each subdirectory. If it exits, restart it.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -P Put each runsv in a new session + -s SCRIPT Run SCRIPT <signo> after signal is processed</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_rx"><strong>rx</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +rx FILE +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Receive a file using the xmodem protocol</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_script"><strong>script</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +script [-afqt] [-c PROG] [OUTFILE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a Append output + -c Run PROG, not shell + -f Flush output after each write + -q Quiet + -t Send timing to stderr</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_scriptreplay"><strong>scriptreplay</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +scriptreplay timingfile [typescript [divisor]] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Play back typescripts, using timing information</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_sed"><strong>sed</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +sed [-efinr] SED_CMD [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed + -f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed + -i Edit files in-place (else sends result to stdout) + -n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space + -r Use extended regex syntax</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>If no -e or -f, the first non-option argument is the sed command string. +Remaining arguments are input files (stdin if none).</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_sendmail"><strong>sendmail</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +sendmail [OPTIONS] [RECIPIENT_EMAIL]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Read email from stdin and send it</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Standard options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -t Read additional recipients from message body + -f sender Sender (required) + -o options Various options. -oi implied, others are ignored + -i -oi synonym. implied and ignored</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Busybox specific options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -w seconds Network timeout + -H 'PROG ARGS' Run connection helper + Examples: + -H 'exec openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -starttls smtp + -connect smtp.gmail.com:25' <email.txt + [4<username_and_passwd.txt | -au<username> -ap<password>] + -H 'exec openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 + -connect smtp.gmail.com:465' <email.txt + [4<username_and_passwd.txt | -au<username> -ap<password>] + -S server[:port] Server + -au<username> Username for AUTH LOGIN + -ap<password> Password for AUTH LOGIN + -am<method> Authentication method. Ignored. LOGIN is implied</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Other options are silently ignored; -oi -t is implied +Use makemime applet to create message with attachments</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_seq"><strong>seq</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +seq [-w] [-s SEP] [FIRST [INC]] LAST +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INC. +FIRST, INC default to 1</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -w Pad to last with leading zeros + -s SEP String separator</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_setarch"><strong>setarch</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +setarch personality program [args...] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Personality may be:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + linux32 Set 32bit uname emulation + linux64 Set 64bit uname emulation</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_setconsole"><strong>setconsole</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +setconsole [-r|--reset] [DEVICE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Redirect system console output to DEVICE (default: /dev/tty)</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -r Reset output to /dev/console</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_setfont"><strong>setfont</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +setfont FONT [-m MAPFILE] [-C TTY] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Load a console font</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -m MAPFILE Load console screen map + -C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_setkeycodes"><strong>setkeycodes</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, +allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), +and KEYCODE is given in decimal</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_setlogcons"><strong>setlogcons</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +setlogcons N +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Redirect the kernel output to console N (0 for current)</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_setsid"><strong>setsid</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +setsid PROG [ARG...] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Run PROG in a new session. PROG will have no controlling terminal +and will not be affected by keyboard signals (Ctrl-C etc). +See <a href="#item_setsid"><code>setsid(2)</code></a> for details.</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_setuidgid"><strong>setuidgid</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +setuidgid account prog args +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Set uid and gid to account's uid and gid, removing all supplementary +groups and run PROG</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_sha1sum"><strong>sha1sum</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +sha1sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]... + or: sha1sum [OPTIONS] -c [FILE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print or check SHA1 checksums</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Check sums against given list + -s Don't output anything, status code shows success + -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_sha256sum"><strong>sha256sum</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +sha256sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]... + or: sha256sum [OPTIONS] -c [FILE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print or check SHA256 checksums</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Check sums against given list + -s Don't output anything, status code shows success + -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_sha512sum"><strong>sha512sum</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +sha512sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]... + or: sha512sum [OPTIONS] -c [FILE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print or check SHA512 checksums</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Check sums against given list + -s Don't output anything, status code shows success + -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_showkey"><strong>showkey</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +showkey [-a | -k | -s] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Show keys pressed</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a Display decimal/octal/hex values of the keys + -k Display interpreted keycodes (default) + -s Display raw scan-codes</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_slattach"><strong>slattach</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +slattach [-cehmLF] [-s SPEED] [-p PROTOCOL] DEVICE +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Attach network <code>interface(s)</code> to serial <code>line(s)</code></p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -p PROT Set protocol (slip, cslip, slip6, clisp6 or adaptive) + -s SPD Set line speed + -e Exit after initializing device + -h Exit when the carrier is lost + -c PROG Run PROG when the line is hung up + -m Do NOT initialize the line in raw 8 bits mode + -L Enable 3-wire operation + -F Disable RTS/CTS flow control</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_sleep"><strong>sleep</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +sleep [N]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each arg can +have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or (d)ays</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_softlimit"><strong>softlimit</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td>softlimit [-a BYTES] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-s BYTES] [-l BYTES] +<tr><td><td>[-f BYTES] [-c BYTES] [-r BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-t N] +<tr><td><td>PROG ARGS</table> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Set soft resource limits, then run PROG</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a BYTES Limit total size of all segments + -m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES -a BYTES + -d BYTES Limit data segment + -s BYTES Limit stack segment + -l BYTES Limit locked memory size + -o N Limit number of open files per process + -p N Limit number of processes per uid +Options controlling file sizes:</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -f BYTES Limit output file sizes + -c BYTES Limit core file size +Efficiency opts:</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -r BYTES Limit resident set size + -t N Limit CPU time, process receives + a SIGXCPU after N seconds</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_sort"><strong>sort</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +sort [-nrugMcszbdfimSTokt] [-o FILE] [-k start[.offset][opts][,end[.offset][opts]] [-t CHAR] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Sort lines of text</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -b Ignore leading blanks + -c Check whether input is sorted + -d Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only) + -f Ignore case + -g General numerical sort + -i Ignore unprintable characters + -k Sort key + -M Sort month + -n Sort numbers + -o Output to file + -k Sort by key + -t CHAR Key separator + -r Reverse sort order + -s Stable (don't sort ties alphabetically) + -u Suppress duplicate lines + -z Lines are terminated by NUL, not newline + -mST Ignored for GNU compatibility</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_split"><strong>split</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +split [OPTIONS] [INPUT [PREFIX]] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -b n[k|m] Split by bytes + -l n Split by lines + -a n Use n letters as suffix</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_start%2dstop%2ddaemon"><strong>start-stop-daemon</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +start-stop-daemon [OPTIONS] [-S|-K] ... [-- arguments...] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Search for matching processes, and then +-K: stop all matching processes. +-S: start a process unless a matching process is found.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Process matching:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -u,--user USERNAME|UID Match only this user's processes + -n,--name NAME Match processes with NAME + in comm field in /proc/PID/stat + -x,--exec EXECUTABLE Match processes with this command + in /proc/PID/cmdline + -p,--pidfile FILE Match a process with PID from the file + All specified conditions must match +-S only: + -x,--exec EXECUTABLE Program to run + -a,--startas NAME Zeroth argument + -b,--background Background + -N,--nicelevel N Change nice level + -c,--chuid USER[:[GRP]] Change to user/group + -m,--make-pidfile Write PID to the pidfile specified by -p +-K only: + -s,--signal SIG Signal to send + -t,--test Match only, exit with 0 if a process is found +Other:</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -o,--oknodo Exit with status 0 if nothing is done + -v,--verbose Verbose + -q,--quiet Quiet</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_stat"><strong>stat</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +stat [OPTIONS] FILE... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Display file (default) or filesystem status</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c fmt Use the specified format + -f Display filesystem status + -L Dereference links + -t Display info in terse form</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Valid format sequences for files:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + %a Access rights in octal + %A Access rights in human readable form + %b Number of blocks allocated (see %B) + %B The size in bytes of each block reported by %b + %d Device number in decimal + %D Device number in hex + %f Raw mode in hex + %F File type + %g Group ID of owner + %G Group name of owner + %h Number of hard links + %i Inode number + %n File name + %N Quoted file name with dereference if symlink + %o I/O block size + %s Total size, in bytes + %t Major device type in hex + %T Minor device type in hex + %u User ID of owner + %U User name of owner + %x Time of last access + %X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch + %y Time of last modification + %Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch + %z Time of last change + %Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Valid format sequences for file systems:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + %a Free blocks available to non-superuser + %b Total data blocks in file system + %c Total file nodes in file system + %d Free file nodes in file system + %f Free blocks in file system + %i File System ID in hex + %l Maximum length of filenames + %n File name + %s Block size (for faster transfer) + %S Fundamental block size (for block counts) + %t Type in hex + %T Type in human readable form</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_strings"><strong>strings</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +strings [-afo] [-n LEN] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Display printable strings in a binary file</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a Scan whole file (default) + -f Precede strings with filenames + -n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4) + -o Precede strings with decimal offsets</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_stty"><strong>stty</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +stty [-a|g] [-F DEVICE] [SETTING]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, +and deviations from stty sane</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -F DEVICE Open device instead of stdin + -a Print all current settings in human-readable form + -g Print in stty-readable form + [SETTING] See manpage</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_su"><strong>su</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +su [OPTIONS] [-] [USERNAME] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Change user id or become root</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -p,-m Preserve environment + -c CMD Command to pass to 'sh -c' + -s SH Shell to use instead of default shell</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_sulogin"><strong>sulogin</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +sulogin [OPTIONS] [TTY] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Single user login</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -t N Timeout</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_sum"><strong>sum</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +sum [-rs] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Checksum and count the blocks in a file</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -r Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks) + -s Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_sv"><strong>sv</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +sv [-v] [-w SEC] command service... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Control services monitored by runsv supervisor. +Commands (only first character is enough):</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>status: query service status +up: if service isn't running, start it. If service stops, restart it +once: like 'up', but if service stops, don't restart it +down: send TERM and CONT signals. If ./run exits, start ./finish + if it exists. After it stops, don't restart service +exit: send TERM and CONT signals to service and log service. If they exit, + runsv exits too +pause, cont, hup, alarm, interrupt, quit, 1, 2, term, kill: send +STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT, QUIT, USR1, USR2, TERM, KILL signal to service</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_svlogd"><strong>svlogd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +svlogd [-ttv] [-r c] [-R abc] [-l len] [-b buflen] dir... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Continuously read log data from standard input, optionally +filter log messages, and write the data to one or more automatically +rotated logs</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_swapoff"><strong>swapoff</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +swapoff [-a] [DEVICE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Stop swapping on DEVICE</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a Stop swapping on all swap devices</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_swapon"><strong>swapon</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +swapon [-a] [-p PRI] [DEVICE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Start swapping on DEVICE</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a Start swapping on all swap devices + -p PRI Set swap device priority</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_switch_root"><strong>switch_root</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +switch_root [-c /dev/console] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, +execute NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_sync"><strong>sync</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +sync +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Write all buffered blocks to disk</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_sysctl"><strong>sysctl</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +sysctl [OPTIONS] [VALUE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Configure kernel parameters at runtime</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -n Don't print key names + -e Don't warn about unknown keys + -w Change sysctl setting + -p FILE Load sysctl settings from FILE (default /etc/sysctl.conf) + -a Display all values + -A Display all values in table form</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_syslogd"><strong>syslogd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +syslogd [OPTIONS] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>System logging utility. +Note that this version of syslogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -n Run in foreground + -O FILE Log to given file (default:/var/log/messages) + -l n Set local log level + -S Smaller logging output + -s SIZE Max size (KB) before rotate (default:200KB, 0=off) + -b N N rotated logs to keep (default:1, max=99, 0=purge) + -R HOST[:PORT] Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP) + -L Log locally and via network (default is network only if -R) + -D Drop duplicates + -C[size(KiB)] Log to shared mem buffer (read it using logread)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_tac"><strong>tac</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +tac [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Concatenate FILEs and print them in reverse</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_tail"><strong>tail</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +tail [OPTIONS] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print last 10 lines of each FILE (or standard input) to standard output. +With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c N[kbm] Output last N bytes + -n N[kbm] Print last N lines instead of last 10 + -f Output data as the file grows + -q Never output headers giving file names + -s SEC Wait SEC seconds between reads with -f + -v Always output headers giving file names</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>If the first character of N (bytes or lines) is a '+', output begins with +the Nth item from the start of each file, otherwise, print the last N items +in the file. N bytes may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (1024^2).</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_tar"><strong>tar</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +tar -[czjaZxtvO] [-X FILE] [-f TARFILE] [-C DIR] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Create, extract, or list files from a tar file</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + c Create + x Extract + t List +Archive format selection:</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + z Filter the archive through gzip + j Filter the archive through bzip2 + a Filter the archive through lzma + Z Filter the archive through compress +File selection:</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + f Name of TARFILE or "-" for stdin + O Extract to stdout + exclude File to exclude + X File with names to exclude + C Change to directory DIR before operation + v Verbose</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_taskset"><strong>taskset</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +taskset [-p] [MASK] [PID | PROG [ARGS]] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Set or get CPU affinity</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -p Operate on an existing PID</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_tcpsvd"><strong>tcpsvd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +tcpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-C N[:MSG]] [-b N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT PROG +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Create TCP socket, bind to IP:PORT and listen +for incoming connection. Run PROG for each connection.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + IP IP to listen on. '0' = all + PORT Port to listen on + PROG [ARGS] Program to run + -l NAME Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS) + -u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind + -c N Handle up to N connections simultaneously + -b N Allow a backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs + -C N[:MSG] Allow only up to N connections from the same IP + New connections from this IP address are closed + immediately. MSG is written to the peer before close + -h Look up peer's hostname + -E Don't set up environment variables + -v Verbose</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_tee"><strong>tee</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +tee [OPTIONS] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a Append to the given FILEs, don't overwrite + -i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_telnet"><strong>telnet</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +telnet [-a] [-l USER] HOST [PORT] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Connect to telnet server</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a Automatic login with $USER variable + -l USER Automatic login as USER</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_telnetd"><strong>telnetd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +telnetd [OPTIONS] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Handle incoming telnet connections</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -l LOGIN Exec LOGIN on connect + -f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue + -K Close connection as soon as login exits + (normally wait until all programs close slave pty) + -p PORT Port to listen on + -b ADDR[:PORT] Address to bind to + -F Run in foreground + -i Run as inetd service + -w SEC Run as inetd service in wait mode, linger time SEC + -S Log to syslog (implied by -i or without -F and -w)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_test"><strong>test</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +test EXPRESSION ] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Check file types, compare values etc. Return a 0/1 exit code +depending on logical value of EXPRESSION</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_tftp"><strong>tftp</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +tftp [OPTIONS] HOST [PORT] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Transfer a file from/to tftp server</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -l FILE Local FILE + -r FILE Remote FILE + -g Get file + -p Put file + -b SIZE Transfer blocks of SIZE octets</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_tftpd"><strong>tftpd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +tftpd [-cr] [-u USER] [DIR] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Transfer a file on tftp client's request</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>tftpd should be used as an inetd service. +tftpd's line for inetd.conf: + 69 dgram udp nowait root tftpd tftpd /files/to/serve +It also can be ran from udpsvd:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + udpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 69 tftpd /files/to/serve</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -r Prohibit upload + -c Allow file creation via upload + -u Access files as USER</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_time"><strong>time</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +time [OPTIONS] PROG [ARGS] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Run PROG. When it finishes, its resource usage is displayed.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -v Verbose</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_timeout"><strong>timeout</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +timeout [-t SECS] [-s SIG] PROG [ARGS] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Runs PROG. Sends SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds. +Defaults: SECS: 10, SIG: TERM.</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_top"><strong>top</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +top [-b] [-nCOUNT] [-dSECONDS] [-m] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Provide a view of process activity in real time. +Read the status of all processes from /proc each SECONDS +and show the status for however many processes will fit on the screen.</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_touch"><strong>touch</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +touch [-c] [-d DATE] FILE [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Update the last-modified date on the given FILE[s]</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Don't create files + -d DT Date/time to use</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_tr"><strong>tr</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from +standard input, writing to standard output</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Take complement of STRING1 + -d Delete input characters coded STRING1 + -s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_traceroute"><strong>traceroute</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td>traceroute [-46FIldnrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-p PORT] [-q PROBES] +<tr><td><td>[-s SRC_IP] [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-g GATEWAY] [-i IFACE] +<tr><td><td>[-z PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES]</table> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Trace the route to HOST</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -4, -6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution + -F Set the don't fragment bit + -I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams + -l Display the ttl value of the returned packet + -d Set SO_DEBUG options to socket + -n Print numeric addresses + -r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST + -v Verbose + -m Max time-to-live (max number of hops) + -p Base UDP port number used in probes + (default 33434) + -q Number of probes per 'ttl' (default 3) + -s IP address to use as the source address + -t Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0) + -w Time in seconds to wait for a response (default 3) + -g Loose source route gateway (8 max)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_traceroute6"><strong>traceroute6</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td>traceroute6 [-dnrv] [-m MAXTTL] [-p PORT] [-q PROBES] +<tr><td><td>[-s SRC_IP] [-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-i IFACE] +<tr><td><td>HOST [BYTES]</table> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Trace the route to HOST</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -d Set SO_DEBUG options to socket + -n Print numeric addresses + -r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST + -v Verbose + -m Max time-to-live (max number of hops) + -p Base UDP port number used in probes + (default is 33434) + -q Number of probes per 'ttl' (default 3) + -s IP address to use as the source address + -t Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0) + -w Time in seconds to wait for a response (default 3)</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_true"><strong>true</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +true +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Return an exit code of TRUE (0)</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_tty"><strong>tty</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +tty +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print file name of standard input's terminal</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -s Print nothing, only return exit status</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_ttysize"><strong>ttysize</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +ttysize [w] [h] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print <code>dimension(s)</code> of standard input's terminal, on error return 80x25</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_tunctl"><strong>tunctl</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +tunctl [-f device] ([-t name] | -d name) [-u owner] [-g group] [-b] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Create or delete tun interfaces</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -f name tun device (/dev/net/tun) + -t name Create iface 'name' + -d name Delete iface 'name' + -u owner Set iface owner + -g group Set iface group + -b Brief output</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_tune2fs"><strong>tune2fs</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +tune2fs [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Adjust filesystem options on ext[23] filesystems</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_udhcpc"><strong>udhcpc</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td>udhcpc [-Cfbnqtvo] [-c CID] [-V VCLS] [-H HOSTNAME] [-i INTERFACE] +<tr><td><td>[-p pidfile] [-r IP] [-s script] [-O dhcp-option]... [-P N]</table> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -V,--vendorclass=CLASSID Vendor class identifier + -i,--interface=INTERFACE Interface to use (default eth0) + -H,-h,--hostname=HOSTNAME Client hostname + -c,--clientid=CLIENTID Client identifier + -C,--clientid-none Suppress default client identifier + -p,--pidfile=FILE Create pidfile + -r,--request=IP IP address to request + -s,--script=FILE Run FILE at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script) + -t,--retries=N Send up to N discover packets + -T,--timeout=N Pause between packets (default 3 seconds) + -A,--tryagain=N Wait N seconds (default 20) after failure + -O,--request-option=OPT Request DHCP option OPT (cumulative) + -o,--no-default-options Don't request any options (unless -O is also given) + -f,--foreground Run in foreground + -b,--background Background if lease is not immediately obtained + -S,--syslog Log to syslog too + -n,--now Exit with failure if lease is not immediately obtained + -q,--quit Quit after obtaining lease + -R,--release Release IP on quit + -P,--client-port N Use port N instead of default 68 + -a,--arping Use arping to validate offered address</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_udhcpd"><strong>udhcpd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +udhcpd [-fS] [-P N] [configfile] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>DHCP server</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -f Run in foreground + -S Log to syslog too + -P N Use port N instead of default 67</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_udpsvd"><strong>udpsvd</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +udpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT PROG +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Create UDP socket, bind to IP:PORT and wait +for incoming packets. Run PROG for each packet, +redirecting all further packets with same peer ip:port to it.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + IP IP to listen on. '0' = all + PORT Port to listen on + PROG [ARGS] Program to run + -l NAME Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS) + -u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind + -c N Handle up to N connections simultaneously + -h Look up peer's hostname + -E Don't set up environment variables + -v Verbose</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_umount"><strong>umount</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +umount [OPTIONS] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Unmount file systems</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a Unmount all file systems + -r Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy + -l Lazy umount (detach filesystem) + -f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server) + -d Free loop device if it has been used</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_uname"><strong>uname</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +uname [-amnrspv] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print system information</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a Print all + -m The machine (hardware) type + -n Hostname + -r OS release + -s OS name (default) + -p Processor type + -v OS version</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_uncompress"><strong>uncompress</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +uncompress [-c] [-f] [FILE...] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Uncompress .Z file[s]</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Extract to stdout + -f Overwrite an existing file</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_unexpand"><strong>unexpand</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +unexpand [-f][-a][-t N] [FILE|-] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Convert spaces to tabs, writing to standard output</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a,--all Convert all blanks + -f,--first-only Convert only leading blanks + -t,--tabs=N Tabstops every N chars</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_uniq"><strong>uniq</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +uniq [-fscduw]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Discard duplicate lines</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences + -d Only print duplicate lines + -u Only print unique lines + -f N Skip first N fields + -s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields) + -w N Compare N characters in line</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_unix2dos"><strong>unix2dos</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +unix2dos [OPTIONS] [FILE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Convert FILE in-place from Unix to DOS format. +When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -u dos2unix + -d unix2dos</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_unlzma"><strong>unlzma</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +unlzma [OPTIONS] [FILE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Uncompress FILE (or standard input)</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Write to standard output + -f Force</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_unlzop"><strong>unlzop</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +unlzop [-cfvCF] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Write to standard output + -f Force + -v Verbose + -F Don't store or verify checksum</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_unzip"><strong>unzip</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +unzip [-opts[modifiers]] file[.zip] [list] [-x xlist] [-d exdir] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Extract files from ZIP archives</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -l List archive contents (with -q for short form) + -n Never overwrite existing files (default) + -o Overwrite files without prompting + -p Send output to stdout + -q Quiet + -x Exclude these files + -d Extract files into this directory</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_uptime"><strong>uptime</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +uptime +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Display the time since the last boot</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_usleep"><strong>usleep</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +usleep N +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Pause for N microseconds</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_uudecode"><strong>uudecode</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +uudecode [-o OUTFILE] [INFILE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Uudecode a file +Finds outfile name in uuencoded source unless -o is given</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_uuencode"><strong>uuencode</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +uuencode [-m] [INFILE] STORED_FILENAME +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Uuencode a file to stdout</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -m Use base64 encoding per RFC1521</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_vconfig"><strong>vconfig</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +vconfig COMMAND [OPTIONS] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Create and remove virtual ethernet devices</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + add [interface-name] [vlan_id] + rem [vlan-name] + set_flag [interface-name] [flag-num] [0 | 1] + set_egress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos] + set_ingress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos] + set_name_type [name-type]</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_vi"><strong>vi</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +vi [OPTIONS] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Edit FILE</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Initial command to run ($EXINIT also available) + -R Read-only - don't write to the file + -H Short help regarding available features</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_vlock"><strong>vlock</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +vlock [OPTIONS] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a Lock all VTs</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_volname"><strong>volname</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +volname [DEVICE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Show CD volume name of the DEVICE (default /dev/cdrom)</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_wall"><strong>wall</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +wall [FILE] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Write content of FILE or standard-input to all logged-in users</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_watch"><strong>watch</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +watch [-n seconds] [-t] PROG [ARGS] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Run PROG periodically</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -n Loop period in seconds (default 2) + -t Don't print header</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_watchdog"><strong>watchdog</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +watchdog [-t N[ms]] [-T N[ms]] [-F] DEV +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Periodically write to watchdog device DEV</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -T N Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60) + -t N Reset every N seconds (default 30) + -F Run in foreground</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_wc"><strong>wc</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +wc [OPTIONS] [FILE]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if +more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, read standard input.</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -c Print the byte counts + -l Print the newline counts + -L Print the length of the longest line + -w Print the word counts</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_wget"><strong>wget</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td>wget [-c|--continue] [-s|--spider] [-q|--quiet] [-O|--output-document file] +<tr><td><td>[--header 'header: value'] [-Y|--proxy on/off] [-P DIR] +<tr><td><td>[-U|--user-agent agent] url</table> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Retrieve files via HTTP or FTP</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -s Spider mode - only check file existence + -c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer + -q Quiet + -P Set directory prefix to DIR + -O Save to filename ('-' for stdout) + -U Adjust 'User-Agent' field + -Y Use proxy ('on' or 'off')</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_which"><strong>which</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +which [COMMAND]... +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Locate a COMMAND</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_who"><strong>who</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +who [-a] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Show who is logged on</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -a show all</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_whoami"><strong>whoami</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +whoami +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Print the user name associated with the current effective user id</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_xargs"><strong>xargs</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +xargs [OPTIONS] [PROG [ARGS]] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Run PROG on every item given by standard input</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -p Ask user whether to run each command + -r Don't run command if input is empty + -0 Input is separated by NUL characters + -t Print the command on stderr before execution + -e[STR] STR stops input processing + -n N Pass no more than N args to PROG + -s N Pass command line of no more than N bytes + -x Exit if size is exceeded</pre> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_yes"><strong>yes</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +yes [OPTIONS] [STRING] +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Repeatedly output a line with STRING, or 'y'</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_zcat"><strong>zcat</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +zcat FILE +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Uncompress to stdout</p> +</dd> +<p></p> +<dt><strong><a name="item_zcip"><strong>zcip</strong></a></strong><br /> +</dt> +<dd> +zcip [OPTIONS] IFACE SCRIPT +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Manage a ZeroConf IPv4 link-local address</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>Options:</p> +</dd> +<dd> +<pre> + -f Run in foreground + -q Quit after obtaining address + -r 169.254.x.x Request this address first + -v Verbose</pre> +</dd> +<dd> +<p>With no -q, runs continuously monitoring for ARP conflicts, +exits only on I/O errors (link down etc)</p> +</dd> +<p></p></dl> +<p> +</p> +<hr /> +<h1><a name="libc_nss">LIBC NSS</a></h1> +<p>GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior +of the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads +system data, such as passwords and group information. This is implemented +using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using one or more of the +/lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using any libc calls that make +use of NSS. Some applets however, such as login and su, will use libc functions +that require NSS.</p> +<p>If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP, BusyBox will use internal functions to +directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files without +using NSS. This may allow you to run your system without the need for +installing any of the NSS configuration files and libraries.</p> +<p>When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly require +that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in particular, +/etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*, and /lib/libresolv*).</p> +<p>Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as uClibc. In +addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc does not require the +use of any NSS support files or libraries.</p> +<p> +</p> +<hr /> +<h1><a name="maintainer">MAINTAINER</a></h1> +<p>Denis Vlasenko <<a href="mailto:vda.linux@googlemail.com">vda.linux@googlemail.com</a>></p> +<p> +</p> +<hr /> +<h1><a name="authors">AUTHORS</a></h1> +<p>The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it or +not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should probably be +listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory. If you should be +listed here, or the description of what you have done needs more detail, or is +incorrect, please send in an update.</p> +<br><p>Emanuele Aina <<a href="mailto:emanuele.aina@tiscali.it">emanuele.aina@tiscali.it</a>> + run-parts</p> +<br><p>Erik Andersen <<a href="mailto:andersen@codepoet.org">andersen@codepoet.org</a>></p> +<pre> + Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the + core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files. + Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that + nobody is going to actually read.</pre> +<br><p>Laurence Anderson <<a href="mailto:l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk">l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk</a>></p> +<pre> + rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm</pre> +<br><p>Jeff Angielski <<a href="mailto:jeff@theptrgroup.com">jeff@theptrgroup.com</a>></p> +<pre> + ftpput, ftpget</pre> +<br><p>Edward Betts <<a href="mailto:edward@debian.org">edward@debian.org</a>></p> +<pre> + expr, hostid, logname, whoami</pre> +<br><p>John Beppu <<a href="mailto:beppu@codepoet.org">beppu@codepoet.org</a>></p> +<pre> + du, nslookup, sort</pre> +<br><p>Brian Candler <<a href="mailto:B.Candler@pobox.com">B.Candler@pobox.com</a>></p> +<pre> + tiny-ls(ls)</pre> +<br><p>Randolph Chung <<a href="mailto:tausq@debian.org">tausq@debian.org</a>></p> +<pre> + fbset, ping, hostname</pre> +<br><p>Dave Cinege <<a href="mailto:dcinege@psychosis.com">dcinege@psychosis.com</a>></p> +<pre> + more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file, + various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance</pre> +<br><p>Jordan Crouse <<a href="mailto:jordan@cosmicpenguin.net">jordan@cosmicpenguin.net</a>></p> +<pre> + ipcalc</pre> +<br><p>Magnus Damm <<a href="mailto:damm@opensource.se">damm@opensource.se</a>></p> +<pre> + tftp client insmod powerpc support</pre> +<br><p>Larry Doolittle <<a href="mailto:ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov">ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov</a>></p> +<pre> + pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes.</pre> +<br><p>Glenn Engel <<a href="mailto:glenne@engel.org">glenne@engel.org</a>></p> +<pre> + httpd</pre> +<br><p>Gennady Feldman <<a href="mailto:gfeldman@gena01.com">gfeldman@gena01.com</a>></p> +<pre> + Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support, + logread), various fixes.</pre> +<br><p>Karl M. Hegbloom <<a href="mailto:karlheg@debian.org">karlheg@debian.org</a>></p> +<pre> + cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c.</pre> +<br><p>Daniel Jacobowitz <<a href="mailto:dan@debian.org">dan@debian.org</a>></p> +<pre> + mktemp.c</pre> +<br><p>Matt Kraai <<a href="mailto:kraai@alumni.cmu.edu">kraai@alumni.cmu.edu</a>></p> +<pre> + documentation, bugfixes, test suite</pre> +<br><p>Stephan Linz <<a href="mailto:linz@li-pro.net">linz@li-pro.net</a>></p> +<pre> + ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence</pre> +<br><p>John Lombardo <<a href="mailto:john@deltanet.com">john@deltanet.com</a>></p> +<pre> + tr</pre> +<br><p>Glenn McGrath <<a href="mailto:bug1@iinet.net.au">bug1@iinet.net.au</a>></p> +<pre> + Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput, + nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode. + Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches.</pre> +<br><p>Manuel Novoa III <<a href="mailto:mjn3@codepoet.org">mjn3@codepoet.org</a>></p> +<pre> + cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes, + mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string, + get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines</pre> +<pre> + also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in + ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir, + mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable, + interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route</pre> +<br><p>Vladimir Oleynik <<a href="mailto:dzo@simtreas.ru">dzo@simtreas.ru</a>></p> +<pre> + cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current); + ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top; + locale, various fixes + and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect.</pre> +<br><p>Bruce Perens <<a href="mailto:bruce@pixar.com">bruce@pixar.com</a>></p> +<pre> + Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can + still be found hiding here and there...</pre> +<br><p>Tim Riker <<a href="mailto:Tim@Rikers.org">Tim@Rikers.org</a>></p> +<pre> + bug fixes, member of fan club</pre> +<br><p>Kent Robotti <<a href="mailto:robotti@metconnect.com">robotti@metconnect.com</a>></p> +<pre> + reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches.</pre> +<br><p>Chip Rosenthal <<a href="mailto:chip@unicom.com">chip@unicom.com</a>>, <<a href="mailto:crosenth@covad.com">crosenth@covad.com</a>></p> +<pre> + wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications</pre> +<br><p>Pavel Roskin <<a href="mailto:proski@gnu.org">proski@gnu.org</a>></p> +<pre> + Lots of bugs fixes and patches.</pre> +<br><p>Gyepi Sam <<a href="mailto:gyepi@praxis-sw.com">gyepi@praxis-sw.com</a>></p> +<pre> + Remote logging feature for syslogd</pre> +<br><p>Linus Torvalds <<a href="mailto:torvalds@transmeta.com">torvalds@transmeta.com</a>></p> +<pre> + mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix</pre> +<br><p>Mark Whitley <<a href="mailto:markw@codepoet.org">markw@codepoet.org</a>></p> +<pre> + grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous), + style-guide, new-applet-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc.</pre> +<br><p>Charles P. Wright <<a href="mailto:cpwright@villagenet.com">cpwright@villagenet.com</a>></p> +<pre> + gzip, mini-netcat(nc)</pre> +<br><p>Enrique Zanardi <<a href="mailto:ezanardi@ull.es">ezanardi@ull.es</a>></p> +<pre> + tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance</pre> +<br><p>Tito Ragusa <<a href="mailto:farmatito@tiscali.it">farmatito@tiscali.it</a>></p> +<pre> + devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt.</pre> + +</body> + +</html> |